install: Allow root and boot mount-specs in config

Allow configuring the root and boot filesystem mount
specs via the install configuration file under [install].

As for other options, CLI arguments take precedence.

For the to-existing-root flow, mount specs from config are ignored.
Example configuration:
```
[install]
root-mount-spec = "LABEL=rootfs"
boot-mount-spec = "UUID=abcd-1234"
```

Fixes https://github.com/bootc-dev/bootc/issues/1939

Assisted-by: Opencode (Claude Opus 4.5)
Signed-off-by: jbtrystram <jbtrystram@redhat.com>

crates/lib/src/install.rs

@@ -2239,7 +2239,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn install_to_filesystem(
     // We support overriding the mount specification for root (i.e. LABEL vs UUID versus
     // raw paths).
     // We also support an empty specification as a signal to omit any mountspec kargs.
-    let root_info = if let Some(s) = fsopts.root_mount_spec {
+    // CLI takes precedence over config file.
+    let config_root_mount_spec = state
+        .install_config
+        .as_ref()
+        .and_then(|c| c.root_mount_spec.as_ref());
+    let root_info = if let Some(s) = fsopts.root_mount_spec.as_ref().or(config_root_mount_spec) {
         RootMountInfo {
             mount_spec: s.to_string(),
             kargs: Vec::new(),
@@ -2320,7 +2325,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn install_to_filesystem(
     let device_info = bootc_blockdev::partitions_of(Utf8Path::new(&backing_device))?;
 
     let rootarg = format!("root={}", root_info.mount_spec);
-    let mut boot = if let Some(spec) = fsopts.boot_mount_spec {
+    // CLI takes precedence over config file.
+    let config_boot_mount_spec = state
+        .install_config
+        .as_ref()
+        .and_then(|c| c.boot_mount_spec.as_ref());
+    let mut boot = if let Some(spec) = fsopts.boot_mount_spec.as_ref().or(config_boot_mount_spec) {
         // An empty boot mount spec signals to omit the mountspec kargs
         // See https://github.com/bootc-dev/bootc/issues/1441
         if spec.is_empty() {

crates/lib/src/install/config.rs

@@ -80,6 +80,11 @@ pub(crate) struct InstallConfiguration {
     pub(crate) ostree: Option<OstreeRepoOpts>,
     /// The stateroot name to use. Defaults to `default`
     pub(crate) stateroot: Option<String>,
+    /// Source device specification for the root filesystem.
+    /// For example, `UUID=2e9f4241-229b-4202-8429-62d2302382e1` or `LABEL=rootfs`.
+    pub(crate) root_mount_spec: Option<String>,
+    /// Mount specification for the /boot filesystem.
+    pub(crate) boot_mount_spec: Option<String>,
 }
 
 fn merge_basic<T>(s: &mut Option<T>, o: Option<T>, _env: &EnvProperties) {
@@ -153,6 +158,8 @@ impl Mergeable for InstallConfiguration {
             self.filesystem.merge(other.filesystem, env);
             self.ostree.merge(other.ostree, env);
             merge_basic(&mut self.stateroot, other.stateroot, env);
+            merge_basic(&mut self.root_mount_spec, other.root_mount_spec, env);
+            merge_basic(&mut self.boot_mount_spec, other.boot_mount_spec, env);
             if let Some(other_kargs) = other.kargs {
                 self.kargs
                     .get_or_insert_with(Default::default)
@@ -672,4 +679,56 @@ stateroot = "custom"
         install.merge(other, &env);
         assert_eq!(install.stateroot.unwrap(), "newroot");
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_mount_specs() {
+        let c: InstallConfigurationToplevel = toml::from_str(
+            r#"[install]
+root-mount-spec = "LABEL=rootfs"
+boot-mount-spec = "UUID=abcd-1234"
+"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let install = c.install.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(install.root_mount_spec.unwrap(), "LABEL=rootfs");
+        assert_eq!(install.boot_mount_spec.unwrap(), "UUID=abcd-1234");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_merge_mount_specs() {
+        let env = EnvProperties {
+            sys_arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+        };
+        let mut install: InstallConfiguration = toml::from_str(
+            r#"root-mount-spec = "UUID=old"
+boot-mount-spec = "UUID=oldboot"
+"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let other = InstallConfiguration {
+            root_mount_spec: Some("LABEL=newroot".to_string()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        install.merge(other, &env);
+        // root_mount_spec should be overridden
+        assert_eq!(install.root_mount_spec.as_deref().unwrap(), "LABEL=newroot");
+        // boot_mount_spec should remain unchanged
+        assert_eq!(install.boot_mount_spec.as_deref().unwrap(), "UUID=oldboot");
+    }
+
+    /// Empty mount specs are valid and signal to omit mount kargs entirely.
+    /// See https://github.com/bootc-dev/bootc/issues/1441
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_empty_mount_specs() {
+        let c: InstallConfigurationToplevel = toml::from_str(
+            r#"[install]
+root-mount-spec = ""
+boot-mount-spec = ""
+"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let install = c.install.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(install.root_mount_spec.as_deref().unwrap(), "");
+        assert_eq!(install.boot_mount_spec.as_deref().unwrap(), "");
+    }
 }

docs/src/man/bootc-install-config.5.md

@@ -26,6 +26,13 @@ The `install` section supports these subfields:
 - `match_architectures`: An array of strings; this filters the install config.
 - `ostree`: See below.
 - `stateroot`: The stateroot name to use. Defaults to `default`.
+- `root-mount-spec`: A string specifying the root filesystem mount specification.
+   For example, `UUID=2e9f4241-229b-4202-8429-62d2302382e1` or `LABEL=rootfs`.
+   If not provided, the UUID of the target filesystem will be used.
+   An empty string signals to omit boot mount kargs entirely.
+- `boot-mount-spec`: A string specifying the /boot filesystem mount specification.
+   If not provided and /boot is a separate mount, its UUID will be used.
+   An empty string signals to omit boot mount kargs entirely.
 
 # filesystem
 
@@ -52,9 +59,12 @@ Configuration options for the ostree repository. There is one valid field:
 ```toml
 [install.filesystem.root]
 type = "xfs"
+
 [install]
 kargs = ["nosmt", "console=tty0"]
 stateroot = "myos"
+root-mount-spec = "LABEL=rootfs"
+boot-mount-spec = "UUID=abcd-1234"
 
 [install.ostree]
 bls-append-except-default = 'grub_users=""'